On October 31, 2024, the Israeli parliament (Knesset) overwhelmingly passed legislation (92 in favor, 10 against) that targets the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), potentially halting its operations in the occupied Palestinian territories.

The laws prohibit Israeli authorities from engaging with UNRWA : UNRWA would be barred from operating within Israel. Implementation would stop the issuance of work and entry permits for UNRWA staff, disrupting vital coordination for aid delivery in Gaza and the West Bank.

Israeli officials have criticized UNRWA, alleging collusion with Hamas, particularly following the October 7 attacks that resulted in over 1,130 fatalities in Israel. Politicians have accused UNRWA of fostering anti-Israel sentiments among Palestinian youth. An independent UN review confirmed UNRWA’s commitment to neutrality, countering Israeli claims.

Role of UNRWA:

Established in 1949, UNRWA provides essential services to Palestinian refugees, including health care, education, and vocational training in areas controlled by Israel. The agency is pivotal for humanitarian aid delivery in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

International Reaction:

The UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, and other senior officials condemned the legislation, warning it would have “devastating consequences” for humanitarian efforts. UN officials stressed that the decision could lead to a halt in aid deliveries and increase suffering among Palestinians.

UN spokesperson Jens Laerke indicated that efforts are underway to prevent implementation of the Knesset decision amid widespread international protests.

Secretary-General Guterres has urged the Israeli government to allow UNRWA to operate, emphasizing adherence to international law. If enacted, the legislation will come into effect within 90 days, potentially leading to a significant humanitarian crisis.